Fetish-porn.org
Fetish-porn.org

Better evidence for a better world

Evidence and gap maps (EGMs)

Browse the collection of plain language summaries of Campbell EGMs by subject area

Plain language summaries of our EGMs are published on this website, with links to the full reports on our journal website.



Learn more about Campbell EGMs

Campbell-partnered EGMs

Campbell has produced maps on other topics, sometimes in partnership with other organisations.



See the Campbell-partnered EGMs
Hot spots policing of small geographic areas effects on crime

Additional Info

  • Authors: Anthony A. Braga, Brandon Turchan, Andrew V. Papachristos, David M. Hureau
  • Published date: 2019-09-08
  • Coordinating group(s): Crime and Justice
  • Type of document: Review, Plain language summary
  • Title: Hot spots policing of small geographic areas effects on crime
  • Library Image: Library Image
  • See the full review: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/cl2.1046
  • Records available in: English, Spanish
  • English:

    PLAIN LANGUAGE SUMMARY

    Hot spots policing is associated with reductions in crime

    Hot spots policing is associated with small but meaningful reductions in crime at locations where criminal activities are most concentrated. Focusing police efforts at high activity crime places is more likely to produce a diffusion of crime prevention benefits into areas adjacent to targeted hot spots than crime displacement.

    What is this review about?

    Crime is concentrated in small places, or "hot spots," that generate half of all criminal events. Hot spots policing focuses police resources and attention on these high crime places. For the purpose of this review, hot spots programs must have consisted of police-led crime prevention efforts that targeted high-activity crime "places" rather than larger areas such as neighborhoods.

    This review considers both randomized controlled experimental and quasi-experimental evaluations of the effects of hot spots policing interventions on crime where the control group in each study received routine levels of traditional police enforcement tactics.

    What is the aim of this review?

    This Campbell systematic review assesses the preventive effects of focusing police efforts on crime "hot spots" as compared to traditional police crime control strategies.  The review summarises evidence from 65 studies containing 78 tests of hot spots policing interventions, including 27 randomized controlled trials and 38 quasi-experimental evaluations.

    What studies are included?

    A total of 65 studies containing 78 tests of hot spots policing interventions were identified. However, standardized effects sizes were only calculated for 73 main effects tests due to reporting deficiencies in three included studies.

    All studies were published from 1989 to 2017: 51 studies were conducted in the USA, four in the UK, four in Sweden, and six in other countries.

    What are the main findings of this review?

    Does focusing crime prevention efforts on crime hot spots reduce crime?

    Yes. Hot spots policing generates statistically-significant small reductions in overall crime and disorder in areas where the strategy is implemented.

    These crime control gains were evident across specific categories of crime outcomes including drug offenses, disorder offenses, property crimes, and violent crimes.

    Does policing crime hot spots inevitably produce crime displacement effects?

    No. Overall, it is more likely that hot spots policing generates crime control benefits that diffuse into the areas immediately surrounding the targeted locations than displacing crime into nearby locations.

    What do the findings of the review mean?

    Findings from this review support hot spots policing as a proactive crime reduction strategy. Police departments should incorporate focusing resources at high-activity crime places as part of their broader approach to crime prevention.

    The majority of studies included in the updated review have been published since the previous iteration of the review and utilized rigorous research designs.

    Despite the drastic increase in eligible studies, only one study conducted a formal cost-benefit assessment of the hot spot policing intervention. The growth of hot spots policing warrants further empirical attention on the efficiency of hot spots policing for reducing crime.

    How up-to-date is this review?

    The review authors searched for studies up to February 2017.

  • Spanish:

    RESUMEN EN LENGUAJE SENCILLO

    El patrullaje policial en “puntos calientes” se asocia con la reducción de la delincuencia

    El patrullaje policial en “puntos calientes” se asocia con reducciones pequeñas pero significativas del delito en los lugares con mayor concentración de actividad delictiva. Es más probable que la concentración policial en zonas de alta actividad delictiva tenga un efecto difusor de los beneficios de la prevención del delito hacia zonas aledañas, en lugar de un efecto de desplazamiento de la delincuencia.

    ¿Cuál es el tema que trata esta revisión?

    La delincuencia se concentra en zonas pequeñas, o “puntos calientes”, que se asocian a la mitad de todos los eventos delictivos. Este tipo de patrullaje concentra los recursos y la atención policial en lugares de alta incidencia delictiva. Para propósitos de esta revisión, los programas deben haber consistido en iniciativas policiales de prevención del delito focalizadas en “zonas” de alta incidencia delictiva (conocidos como “puntos calientes”) en lugar de áreas más grandes, como son los barrios.

    Esta revisión considera evaluaciones controladas aleatorizadas experimentales y cuasiexperimentales de los efectos de las intervenciones en puntos calientes sobre la delincuencia, donde el grupo de control de cada estudio recibió tácticas de control policial tradicionales.

    ¿Cuál es el objetivo de esta revisión?

    Esta revisión sistemática Campbell evalúa los efectos preventivos de concentrar los esfuerzos policiales en “puntos calientes” de actividad delictiva en comparación con las estrategias tradicionales de control policial de la delincuencia. La revisión resume la evidencia de 65 estudios que contienen 78 pruebas de patrullaje policial en puntos calientes, incluyendo 27 pruebas controladas aleatorizados y 38 evaluaciones cuasiexperimentales.

    ¿Qué estudios se incluyen?

    Se identificaron un total de 65 estudios que contenían 78 pruebas de intervenciones de patrullaje focalizado en puntos calientes. No obstante, los tamaños de los efectos estandarizados solo se calcularon para 73 pruebas de efectos principales debido a las deficiencias en tres de los estudios incluidos.

    Todos los estudios se publicaron entre 1989 y 2017. Se realizaron 51 estudios en EE. UU., cuatro en Reino Unido, cuatro en Suecia y seis en otros países.

    ¿Cuáles son los principales hallazgos de esta revisión?

    ¿Concentrar los esfuerzos de prevención del delito en los “puntos calientes” reduce la delincuencia?

    Si, genera pequeñas reducciones estadísticamente significativas de la delincuencia y el desorden general en las áreas donde se implementa esta estrategia.

    Esta disminución es particularmente importante en delitos relacionados a drogas, desorden, delitos contra la propiedad y delitos violentos.

    ¿Existen efectos de desplazamiento del delito debido al patrullaje focalizado en “puntos calientes”?

    No. En general, es más probable que el patrullaje focalizado en puntos calientes genere beneficios que se extiendan a zonas aledañas -es decir, que también disminuya la incidencia delictiva- en lugar de desplazar el delito hacia dichas zonas.

    ¿Qué significan los resultados de esta revisión?

    Los resultados de esta revisión respaldan al patrullaje focalizado en puntos caliente como una estrategia proactiva para reducir la delincuencia. Los departamentos de policía deberían focalizar sus recursos en lugares de alta incidencia delictiva como parte de su enfoque global para la prevención de la delincuencia.

    La mayoría de los estudios incluidos en la revisión actualizada se han publicado desde la iteración anterior y han utilizado diseños de investigación rigurosos.
    A pesar del aumento drástico de estudios elegibles, solo un estudio realizó una evaluación formal de costo-beneficio de la intervención. La amplia implementación que está teniendo este tipo de estrategia policial en la actualidad aumenta la necesidad de estudios que analicen su eficacia.

    ¿Cuán actualizada es esta revisión?

    Los autores de la revisión buscaron estudios hasta febrero de 2017.

Select language:

PLAIN LANGUAGE SUMMARY

Hot spots policing is associated with reductions in crime

Hot spots policing is associated with small but meaningful reductions in crime at locations where criminal activities are most concentrated. Focusing police efforts at high activity crime places is more likely to produce a diffusion of crime prevention benefits into areas adjacent to targeted hot spots than crime displacement.

What is this review about?

Crime is concentrated in small places, or "hot spots," that generate half of all criminal events. Hot spots policing focuses police resources and attention on these high crime places. For the purpose of this review, hot spots programs must have consisted of police-led crime prevention efforts that targeted high-activity crime "places" rather than larger areas such as neighborhoods.

This review considers both randomized controlled experimental and quasi-experimental evaluations of the effects of hot spots policing interventions on crime where the control group in each study received routine levels of traditional police enforcement tactics.

What is the aim of this review?

This Campbell systematic review assesses the preventive effects of focusing police efforts on crime "hot spots" as compared to traditional police crime control strategies.  The review summarises evidence from 65 studies containing 78 tests of hot spots policing interventions, including 27 randomized controlled trials and 38 quasi-experimental evaluations.

What studies are included?

A total of 65 studies containing 78 tests of hot spots policing interventions were identified. However, standardized effects sizes were only calculated for 73 main effects tests due to reporting deficiencies in three included studies.

All studies were published from 1989 to 2017: 51 studies were conducted in the USA, four in the UK, four in Sweden, and six in other countries.

What are the main findings of this review?

Does focusing crime prevention efforts on crime hot spots reduce crime?

Yes. Hot spots policing generates statistically-significant small reductions in overall crime and disorder in areas where the strategy is implemented.

These crime control gains were evident across specific categories of crime outcomes including drug offenses, disorder offenses, property crimes, and violent crimes.

Does policing crime hot spots inevitably produce crime displacement effects?

No. Overall, it is more likely that hot spots policing generates crime control benefits that diffuse into the areas immediately surrounding the targeted locations than displacing crime into nearby locations.

What do the findings of the review mean?

Findings from this review support hot spots policing as a proactive crime reduction strategy. Police departments should incorporate focusing resources at high-activity crime places as part of their broader approach to crime prevention.

The majority of studies included in the updated review have been published since the previous iteration of the review and utilized rigorous research designs.

Despite the drastic increase in eligible studies, only one study conducted a formal cost-benefit assessment of the hot spot policing intervention. The growth of hot spots policing warrants further empirical attention on the efficiency of hot spots policing for reducing crime.

How up-to-date is this review?

The review authors searched for studies up to February 2017.

Library Image

See the full report

Contact us

  • 7244 Castor Ave PMB 5068
    Philadelphia, PA 19149
    USA
  • info@campbellcollaboration.org
  • Sitemap
Fetish-porn.org